[TOC]

在命令行界面，输入Audio3dVisualize，可以看到声音相关数据

一、蓝图播放音效：点击按钮

  1. 新建音效/SoundCueSCue_ButtonHover、SCue_ButtonPressed

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/UI
    SCue_ButtonHover SCue_ButtonPressed
    image-20230306203812133 image-20230306203907183

  2. 修改所有包含按钮的UI控件：

    1. 在按钮的外观/样式/按压音效、悬停音效中，可以设置刚刚创建的音效

    image-20230306204425544

二、C++播放音效：开始游戏、显示UI界面

  1. 基于sw_UI_GameStart创建音效SCue_GameStart

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/UI

  2. 基于sw_UI_Open创建音效SCue_WidgetOpen

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/UI

  3. 修改STUMenuUserWidget：添加开始游戏音效

    class USoundCue;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API USTUMenuUserWidget : public USTUBaseWidget {
    ...
   
protected:
    // 音效：开始游戏
    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Sound")
    USoundCue* StartGameSound;
};

    ```c++ #include “Sound/SoundCue.h” void USTUMenuUserWidget::OnStartGame() { PlayAnimation(HideAnimation); UGameplayStatics::PlaySound2D(GetWorld(), StartGameSound); }

  4. 修改STUBaseWidget：添加UI出现音效

    class USoundCue;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API USTUBaseWidget : public UUserWidget {
    GENERATED_BODY()
   
public:
    void Show();
   
protected:
    // 动画：显示UI
    UPROPERTY(meta = (BindWidgetAnim), Transient)
    UWidgetAnimation* ShowAnimation;
   
    // 音效：显示UI
    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Sound")
    USoundCue* OpenSound;
};

    ```c++ #include “UI/STUBaseWidget.h” #include “Kismet/GameplayStatics.h” #include “Sound/SoundCue.h”

    void USTUBaseWidget::Show() { PlayAnimation(ShowAnimation); UGameplayStatics::PlaySound2D(GetWorld(), OpenSound); }

  5. 修改WBP_Menu：

    1. 设置StartGameSound为SCue_GameStart

  6. 修改WBP_GamePause、WBP_GameOver：

    1. 设置OpenSound为SCue_WidgetOpen

  7. 在小的UI控件上不设置OpenSound，防止声音过大

三、动画音效：走路、奔跑、跳跃

  1. 创建音效SCue_FootstepsWalk

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Character

    image-20230306211850357

  2. 修改动画Run_Bwd、Run_Fwd、Run_Lt、Run_Rt

    1. 在角色脚步触及地面的那两帧，播放音效SCue_FootstepsWalk

    image-20230306212455149

  3. 创建音效SCue_FootstepsRun

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Character

    image-20230306213002791

  4. 修改动画RoadieRun_Fwd

    1. 在角色脚步触及地面的那两帧，播放音效SCue_FootstepsRun

  5. 创建音效SCue_JumpStart

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Character

    image-20230306213155011

  6. 修改动画JumpStart

    1. 在角色脚抬离地面的那一帧，播放音效SCue_JumpStart

  7. 创建音效SCue_JumpEnd

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Character

    image-20230306213314934

  8. 修改动画JumpEnd

    1. 在角色脚抬离地面的那一帧，播放音效SCue_JumpEnd

四、动画音效：切换武器、切换弹夹

  1. 创建音效SCue_WeaponEquip

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon

    image-20230306214621360

  2. 创建音效SCue_RifleReload

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Rifle

    image-20230306214708054

  3. 创建音效SCue_LauncherReloadStart

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Launcher

    image-20230306214740622

  4. 创建音效SCue_LauncherReloadEnd

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Launcher

    image-20230306214801982

  5. 在对应动画处插入音效

五、音效类：管理一组声音的设置

  1. 创建音效/类/音效类SC_Character

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Settings

  2. 将所有与角色相关的音效的类设置为SoundClassCharacter

    image-20230306215917510

  3. 创建音效/类/音效类SC_UI、SC_Weapon，并设置对应的音效

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Settings

六、音量衰减

  1. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_ProjectileFly

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Projectile

    image-20230306220941740

  2. 创建音效衰减SA_ProjectileFly

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Projectile

  3. 将SC_ProjectileFly/输出的衰减设置，设置为SA_ProjectileFly

  4. 将之前所有的音效的衰减设置，设置为ExternalContent/Sounds/Audio_Settings/Attenuation中的设置

    1. 武器音效：Foley
    2. 走路：Footsteps
    3. 跑步：Foley
    4. 榴弹：Projectile

  5. 修改BP_STUProjectile

    1. 添加音频组件，音效设置为SC_ProjectileFly

七、音效：射击、角色死亡、弹夹为空

  1. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_CharacterDeath

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Character
    2. 音效类：SC_Character
    3. 衰减：Foley

    image-20230306222830962

  2. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_RifleFire

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Rifle
    2. 音效类：SC_Weapon
    3. 衰减：Wep_Shoot

    image-20230306223032226

  3. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_LauncherFire

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Launcher
    2. 音效类：SC_Weapon
    3. 衰减：Wep_Shoot

    image-20230306223147927

  4. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_LauncherNoAmmo

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Weapon/Launcher
    2. 音效类：SC_Weapon
    3. 衰减：Wep_Shoot

    image-20230306223305460

  5. 修改STUBaseCharacter：死亡时播放音效

    class USoundCue;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API ASTUBaseCharacter : public ACharacter {
    ...
   
protected:
    // 音效：角色死亡
    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Sound")
    USoundCue* DeathSound;
   
};

    ```C++ #include “Kismet/GameplayStatics.h” #include “Sound/SoundCue.h”

    void ASTUBaseCharacter::OnDeath() { UE_LOG(LogSTUBaseCharacter, Warning, TEXT(“Player %s is dead”), *GetName()); // 播放死亡动画蒙太奇 // PlayAnimMontage(DeathAnimMontage);

    // 禁止角色的移动
GetCharacterMovement()->DisableMovement();
   
// 一段时间后摧毁角色
SetLifeSpan(LifeSpanOnDeath);
   
// 禁止胶囊体碰撞
GetCapsuleComponent()->SetCollisionResponseToAllChannels(ECollisionResponse::ECR_Ignore);
   
// 停止武器组件的开火
WeaponComponent->StopFire();
   
// 启用物理模拟, 实现角色死亡效果
GetMesh()->SetCollisionEnabled(ECollisionEnabled::QueryAndPhysics);
GetMesh()->SetSimulatePhysics(true);
   
// 播放音效
UGameplayStatics::PlaySoundAtLocation(GetWorld(), DeathSound, GetActorLocation()); }

  6. 修改STUBaseWeapon：添加射击音效资产

    class USoundCue;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API ASTUBaseWeapon : public AActor {
    ...
   
protected:
    // 音效：开火
    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Sound")
    USoundCue* FireSound;
};

  7. 修改STULauncherWeapon：添加没有子弹音效、射击音效

    class USoundCue;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API ASTULauncherWeapon : public ASTUBaseWeapon {
	...
   
protected:
    // 音效：没有子弹
    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Sound")
    USoundCue* NoAmmoSound;
};

    #include "Kismet/GameplayStatics.h"
#include "Sound/SoundCue.h"
   
void ASTULauncherWeapon::MakeShot() {
    // 判断当前弹夹是否为空
    if (!GetWorld()) return;
   
    // 弹夹为空
    if (IsClipEmpty()) {
        UGameplayStatics::SpawnSoundAtLocation(GetWorld(), NoAmmoSound, GetActorLocation());
        return;
    }
   
    // 获取榴弹的逻辑路径
    FVector TraceStart, TraceEnd;
    if (!GetTraceData(TraceStart, TraceEnd)) return;
   
    // 计算榴弹的碰撞结果
    FHitResult HitResult;
    MakeHit(HitResult, TraceStart, TraceEnd);
   
    // 判断榴弹的落点
    const FVector EndPoint = HitResult.bBlockingHit ? HitResult.ImpactPoint : TraceEnd;
    // 计算榴弹的射击方向(单位向量)
    const FVector Direction = (EndPoint - GetMuzzleWorldLocation()).GetSafeNormal();
   
    // 榴弹的初始位置
    const FTransform SpawnTransform(FRotator::ZeroRotator, GetMuzzleWorldLocation());
    // 在场景中延迟创建一个榴弹
    ASTUProjectile* Projectile = GetWorld()->SpawnActorDeferred<ASTUProjectile>(ProjectileClass, SpawnTransform);
    if (Projectile) {
        // 设置榴弹的参数
        Projectile->SetShotDirection(Direction);
        Projectile->SetOwner(GetOwner());
        // 完成榴弹的创建
        Projectile->FinishSpawning(SpawnTransform);
    }
   
    // 减少弹药数
    DecreaseAmmo();
   
    // 生成枪口特效系统, 由于该特效生成一次后就销毁, 因此我们并不需要其指针
    SpawnMuzzleFX();
   
    // 在枪口骨骼处，生成音效播放器
    UGameplayStatics::SpawnSoundAttached(FireSound, WeaponMesh, MuzzleSocketName);
}

  8. 修改STURifleWeapon：生成一次音效组件，然后根据是否在开火，打开/关闭音效

    class UAudioComponent;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API ASTURifleWeapon : public ASTUBaseWeapon {
    ...
   
private:
    // 音效组件
    UPROPERTY()
    UAudioComponent* FireAudioComponent;
   
private:
    // 初始化特效组件
    void InitFX();
    // 设置特效的可见性
    void SetFXActive(bool IsActive);
};

    ```c++ #include “Kismet/GameplayStatics.h” #include “Sound/SoundCue.h” #include “Components/AudioComponent.h”

    void ASTURifleWeapon::StartFire() { MakeShot(); GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(ShotTimerHandle, this, &ASTURifleWeapon::MakeShot, TimeBetweenShots, true); InitFX(); }

    void ASTURifleWeapon::StopFire() { GetWorldTimerManager().ClearTimer(ShotTimerHandle); SetFXActive(false); }

    void ASTURifleWeapon::InitFX() { if (!MuzzleFXComponent) { MuzzleFXComponent = SpawnMuzzleFX(); } if (!FireAudioComponent) { FireAudioComponent = UGameplayStatics::SpawnSoundAttached(FireSound, WeaponMesh, MuzzleSocketName); } SetFXActive(true); }

    void ASTURifleWeapon::SetFXActive(bool IsActive) { if (MuzzleFXComponent) { MuzzleFXComponent->SetPaused(!IsActive); MuzzleFXComponent->SetVisibility(IsActive); } if (FireAudioComponent) { IsActive ? FireAudioComponent->Play() : FireAudioComponent->Stop(); } }

  9. 修改BP_STUPlayerCharacter、BP_STUAICharacter：

    1. 设置DeathSound为SCue_CharacterDeath

  10. 修改BP_STURifleWeapon：

    1. 设置FireSound为SCue_RifleFire

  11. 修改BP_STULauncherWeapon：

    1. 设置FireSound为SCue_LauncherFire
    2. 设置NoAmmoSound为SCure_LauncherNoAmmo

八、音效：拾取物、碰撞

  1. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_HealthPickupTaken、SCue_AmmoPickupTaken

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Pickup
    2. 音效类：SC_Pickup
    3. 衰减：Pickups

  2. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_ProjectileImpact

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Impacts
    2. 音效类：SC_Impact
    3. 衰减：Explosion

  3. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_RifleDefaultImpact、SCue_RifleGroundImpact、SCue_RifleFleshImpact

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Impacts
    2. 音效类：SC_Impact
    3. 衰减：BulletImpacts

  4. 修改STUBasePickup：

    class USoundCue;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API ASTUBasePickup : public AActor {
    ...
   
protected:
    // 音效：拾取
    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "Sound")
    USoundCue* PickupSound;
};

    ```c++ #include “Kismet/GameplayStatics.h” #include “Sound/SoundCue.h”

    void ASTUBasePickup::PickupWasTaken() { // 取消Actor的碰撞响应 CollisionComponent->SetCollisionResponseToAllChannels(ECollisionResponse::ECR_Ignore);

    // 将Actor设为不可见
if (GetRootComponent()) GetRootComponent()->SetVisibility(false, true);
   
// 开启重新生成Actor的定时器
FTimerHandle RespawnTimerHandle;
GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(RespawnTimerHandle, this, &ASTUBasePickup::Respawn, RespawnTime);
   
// 播放拾取音效
UGameplayStatics::PlaySoundAtLocation(GetWorld(), PickupSound, GetActorLocation()); }

  5. 修改STUCoreTypes/FImpactData：

    ```c++ class USoundCue;

    USTRUCT(BlueprintType) struct FImpactData { GENERATED_USTRUCT_BODY()

    // Niagara特效
UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "VFX")
UNiagaraSystem* NiagaraEffect;
   
// 贴花数据
UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "VFX")
FDecalData DecalData;
   
// 音效：击中
UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "VFX")
USoundCue* Sound; };

  6. 修改STUWeaponFXComponent：

    ```c++ #include “Sound/SoundCue.h”

    void USTUWeaponFXComponent::PlayImpactFX(const FHitResult& Hit) { auto ImpactData = DefaultImpactData;

    if (Hit.PhysMaterial.IsValid()) {
    const auto PhysMat = Hit.PhysMaterial.Get();
    if (ImpactDataMap.Contains(PhysMat)) {
        ImpactData = ImpactDataMap[PhysMat];
    }
}
   
// 生成Niagara系统
UNiagaraFunctionLibrary::SpawnSystemAtLocation(GetWorld(),
    ImpactData.NiagaraEffect,      // Niagara系统
    Hit.ImpactPoint,               // 位置
    Hit.ImpactNormal.Rotation());  // 旋转
   
// 生成贴花
auto DecalComponent = UGameplayStatics::SpawnDecalAtLocation(GetWorld(),
    ImpactData.DecalData.Material,  // 贴花材质
    ImpactData.DecalData.Size,      // 贴花大小
    Hit.ImpactPoint,                // 位置
    Hit.ImpactNormal.Rotation());   // 旋转
// 一段时间后淡出
if (DecalComponent) {
    DecalComponent->SetFadeOut(ImpactData.DecalData.LifeTime, ImpactData.DecalData.FadeOutTime);
}
   
// 播放音效
UGameplayStatics::PlaySoundAtLocation(GetWorld(), ImpactData.Sound, Hit.ImpactPoint); }

  7. 安装所有声音：BP_STUProjectile、BP_STURifleWeapon、BP_STUAmmoPickup、BP_STUHealthPickup

九、自定义蓝图函数、主音效类

  1. 新建C++类STUSoundFuncLib，继承于BlueprintFunctionLibrary
    1. 目录：ShootThemUp/Source/ShootThemUp/Public/Sound

  2. 修改ShootThemUp.Build.cs：

    PublicIncludePaths.AddRange(new string[] { 
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Player", 
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Components", 
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Dev",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Weapon",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/UI",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Animations",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Pickups",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Weapon/Components",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/AI",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/AI/Tasks",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/AI/Services",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/AI/EQS",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/AI/Decorators",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Menu",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Menu/UI",
    "ShootThemUp/Public/Sound"
});

  3. 修改STUSoundFuncLib

    #pragma once
   
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "Kismet/BlueprintFunctionLibrary.h"
#include "STUSoundFuncLib.generated.h"
   
class USoundClass;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API USTUSoundFuncLib : public UBlueprintFunctionLibrary {
    GENERATED_BODY()
   
public:
    UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable)
    static void SetSoundClassVolume(USoundClass* SoundClass, float Volume);
   
    UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable)
    static void ToggleSoundClassVolume(USoundClass* SoundClass);
};

    ```c++ #include “Sound/STUSoundFuncLib.h” #include “Sound/SoundClass.h”

    DEFINE_LOG_CATEGORY_STATIC(LogSTUSoundFuncLib, All, All);

    void USTUSoundFuncLib::SetSoundClassVolume(USoundClass* SoundClass, float Volume) { if (!SoundClass) return;

    SoundClass->Properties.Volume = FMath::Clamp(Volume, 0.0f, 1.0f);
UE_LOG(LogSTUSoundFuncLib, Display,
    TEXT("Sound class volume was changed: %s = %f"), *SoundClass->GetName(), SoundClass->Properties.Volume); }

    void USTUSoundFuncLib::ToggleSoundClassVolume(USoundClass* SoundClass) { if (!SoundClass) return;

    const auto NextVolume = SoundClass->Properties.Volume > 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f;
SetSoundClassVolume(SoundClass, NextVolume); }

  4. 修改BP_STUPlayerController：

    image-20230306235035305

  5. 新建音效类SC_Master

    1. 将其他音效类，作为它的子类

    image-20230306235015920

  6. 修改项目设置

    1. 添加操作映射Mute，对应M键
    2. 将默认音效类设置为SC_Master

  7. 修改STUGameInstance：添加主音效类

    class USoundClass;
   
UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API USTUGameInstance : public UGameInstance {
    ...
   
public:
    void ToggleVolume();
   
protected:
    // 主音效类
    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "Sound")
    USoundClass* MasterSoundClass;
};

    ```c++ #include “STUGameInstance.h” #include “Sound/STUSoundFuncLib.h”

    void USTUGameInstance::ToggleVolume() { USTUSoundFuncLib::ToggleSoundClassVolume(MasterSoundClass); }

  8. 修改STUPlayerController：绑定Mute事件

    UCLASS()
class SHOOTTHEMUP_API ASTUPlayerController : public APlayerController {
    ...
   
private:
    // 委托：静音
    void OnMuteSound();
};

    ```c++ #include “STUGameInstance.h”

    void ASTUPlayerController::SetupInputComponent() { Super::SetupInputComponent(); if (!InputComponent) return;

    InputComponent->BindAction("PauseGame", IE_Pressed, this, &ASTUPlayerController::OnPauseGame);
InputComponent->BindAction("Mute", IE_Pressed, this, &ASTUPlayerController::OnMuteSound); }

    void ASTUPlayerController::OnMuteSound() { if (!GetWorld()) return;

    const auto STUGameInstance = GetWorld()->GetGameInstance<USTUGameInstance>();
if (!STUGameInstance) return;
   
STUGameInstance->ToggleVolume(); }
  9. 修改BP_STUGameInstance：将MasterSoundClass设置为SC_Master

十、环境声音

  1. 创建音效/类/音效类SCue_GameAmbient、SCue_MenuAmbient

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Ambient
    2. 音效类：SC_Ambient
    3. 衰减：null

  2. 新建蓝图类BP_AmbientSound，继承于Actor

    1. 路径：Content/World
    2. 添加音频组件，不设置具体音效，而是在实例中设置音效
    3. 修改事件蓝图

    image-20230307001256696

十一、音效类混合

  1. 创建音效/类/音效类混合SMix_Default

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Settings
    2. 修改音效类效果

    image-20230307001832761

  2. 修改项目设置

    1. 将默认基础音效混合设置为SMix_Default

    image-20230307001938918

  3. 创建音效/类/音效类混合SMix_FadeOut

    1. 路径：Content/Sounds/Settings
    2. 修改音效类效果

    image-20230307002152323

  4. 修改BP_STUPlayerController/事件蓝图：push/pop音效混合

    image-20230307002427688